General Science and Ability Topics| CSS 2023

“General Science and ability” is a compulsory subject for CSS & PMS exams. Previously, it was known as Everyday Sciences. This subject contains two portions. One is the General Science portion which includes Food Sciences, Biology, and Information Technology. Besides, it includes Physical Sciences, Physiology, Astronomy, Chemistry, and many more. Another one is the Ability portion which includes Algebra, Trigonometry, and Mathematics. If rightly attempted, both portions are high-scoring owing to their specific content. I’ll provide you with important previous questions about this subject. We have seen these questions from 1996-2022 intermittently. These are all “difference between” questions. You all must read them once to attempt these questions. I hope you will get a hundred percent marks on those questions.

So, without time wastage let’s start:

Q#1: Difference Between Hydrometer & Hygrometer

Hydrometer	Hygrometer
1. An instrument used to measure the specific gravity or density of a liquid.	1. An instrument used to measure atmospheric humidity.
2. It is based on the hydrostatic principle of Archimedes.	2. Hygrometer uses the change in length in organic fiber. It is because of the absorption of moisture.
3. It works at the standard temperature, mostly at 4℃.	3. Standard temperature is not necessary.

Also read: Climate Issues of Pakistan

Q#2: Difference Between Isotope and Isomer

Isotope	Isomer
1. One of two or more species of an atom having the same atomic number and different mass number.	1. Two molecules that have the same atoms but have different arrangements.
2. They have only different numbers of neutrons.	2. They have only differences in the arrangement of atoms.
3. Example: Isotopes of Oxygen: 16O, 17O, 18O	3. Its examples are Ethyl alcohol & Di-methyl ether.

Q#3: Difference Between Flying Mammals & Birds

Flying Mammals	Birds
1. They give birth to their young.	1. All birds lay their eggs.
2. They nourish their offspring with milk.	2. They don’t nourish their offspring.
3. They have small but solid bones.	3. They have hollow and thin bones.
4. They have X & Y chromosomes to determine sex.	4. They have Z & W chromosomes to determine sex.
5. They have only 1 known species.	5. They have several species.

Q#4: Difference Between Myopia & Hyperopia

Myopia	Hyperopia
1. Distant objects are not clear.	1. Near objects are not clear.
2. Eye lens becomes harder and convergence takes place before the retina.	2. Eye lens becomes weak and convergence takes place after the retina.
3. To rectify this, a concave lens is used.	3. To rectify this, a convex lens is used.

Q#5: Difference Between X-rays & Gamma Rays

X-rays	Gamma Rays
1. X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus.	1. Gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus itself.
2. Frequency ranges from 1015 Hz to 1018 Hz.	2. Frequency is above 1019 Hz.
3. X-rays are not much dangerous to health.	3. Gamma rays are very dangerous to human health.
4. They can’t be produced with alpha and beta rays.	4. They can be produced with alpha and beta rays.

Q#6: Difference Between Fission & Fusion

Fission	Fusion
1. An energy-releasing process in which an atom is split into two or smaller particles.	1. An energy-releasing process in which two or more atoms are fused into a larger atom.
2. It doesn’t occur in nature usually.	2. It occurs in nature usually.
3. It takes place under a low amount of energy.	3. It takes place under a massive amount of energy.
4. It is not environmentally friendly.	4. It is environmentally friendly.
5. Energy from fission can be controlled.	5. Energy from fission can’t be controlled.
6. Fission reactors are developed.	6. Fusion reactors are yet to be developed.

Also Read: Download Books for General Science and Ability

Q#7: Difference Between Star & Planet

Star	Planet
1. Stars are large balls of hot gases such as Hydrogen & helium.	1. Planets are made of rocky substances, liquids, and gases.
2. They produce their own heat through nuclear reactions.	2. They take their heat & light from stars.
3. They appear to be still in the universe.	3. They are in orbit motion.
4. They are heavier & bigger than planets.	4. They are lighter in weight.
5. Its examples are: Sun and Orion.	5. Its examples are Earth, Jupiter, and Mars.

Q#8: Difference Between pollination & Fertilization

Pollination	Fertilization
1. It is the transfer of pollens from the stigma to the ovary in plants.	1. it is a process in which male and female gametes fuse together. Male gametes are sperms and female gametes are eggs.
2. It prepares the plants for fertilization.	2. It prepares organisms for reproduction.
3. It occurs only in flowering plants.	3. It occurs in both plants & animals.
4. It is a physical process	4. It is a genetic and biochemical process.
5. It is an external process.	5. It can be external and internal.
6. It requires external factors to happen.	6. it doesn’t require external factors.

Q#9: Difference Between Antibiotic & Vaccine

Antibiotic	Vaccine
1. A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.	1. It is a substance that improves immunity to a particular disease.
2. Antibiotics work during disease in effect.	2. It is taken once mostly and becomes part of the immune system.
3. They are taken after getting infected.	3. They are taken before getting infected as preventive measures.
4. It kills bacteria.	4. It kills viruses.
5. Its availability in forms like capsules, ointments, tablets, etc.	5. It can be given orally or through injection.

Also Read: Was Partition of India Fair?

Q#10: Difference Between ROM & RAM

RAM	ROM
1. It is an acronym for Random Access Memory.	1. It is an acronym for Read-Only Memory.
2. It is faster in speed.	2. It is slower in speed.
3. It is a volatile memory.	3. It is non-volatile memory.
4. It exists in the form of chips.	4. Mostly, it is in hard-drive form.
5. Moreover, RAM can’t be used as virtual ROM.	5. Moreover, it can be used as virtual RAM.

Q#11: Difference Between Photosynthesis & Respiration

Photosynthesis	Respiration
1. It occurs only in algae & plants.	1. It occurs in many species.
2. It involves the production of carbohydrates.	2. It involves the use of carbohydrates.
3. It captures light energy to chemical energy.	3. It takes chemical energy and breaks it down.
4. It requires sunlight.	4. It doesn’t require sunlight.
5. It uses carbon dioxide and water.	5. It releases carbon dioxide and water.

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