General Science and Ability Topics | Part II

CSS exams constructed by FPSC (Federal Public Service Commission) conduct every year for 52 years. Mostly, in February, the written part happens and the subsequent three stages are conducted within 1.5 year period time approximately. The written part consists of 12 subjects of which 6 are compulsory. A third compulsory subject is General Science and Ability. It is a high-scoring subject. You can get more than 80% marks in this subject easily. Moreover, if you have graduated in sciences, it will be going to benefit you more than you predict. So, best of luck with your exams as CSS 2023 is near in February.

Here are some solved questions from previous papers for your help in your CSS/PMS exams plus if you are a science student it will benefit you. So, let’s start:

Q#1: Difference Between Heavy Water & Hard Water

Heavy Water	Hard Water
1. Water that has had its hydrogen atoms replaced with the hydrogen isotope “deuterium”	1. Natural water containing magnesium and calcium salts and to a small extent, iron, aluminum, and other metals.
2. It is harmful if consumed too much in large amounts.	2. It is not harmful to anyone’s health.
3. Nuclear reactors use heavy water for processes.	3. It can cause serious problems in industrial settings.

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Q#2: Difference Between Smog & Smoke

Smog	Smoke
1. A mixture of fog and smoke or other airborne pollutants such as exhaust fumes.	1. It is a mixture of small carbon particles, tar, oil, and ash.
2. Its formation occurs when air has humidity and calmness.	2. Combustion process produces smoke.
3. Its color is whitish, full of toxic particulates and gases	3. Its color is little grey tinted with blue.

Q#3: Difference Between Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy	Chemotherapy
1. It is the usage of targeted radiation to destroy tumor cells.	1. It is the usage of drugs to destroy rapidly dividing cells or tumor cells.
2. It targets only cancerous cells.	2. It targets both cancerous cells and non-cancerous cells.
3. It is mostly used for localized cancer.	3. It is used for full-body therapy.
4. Radioactive substance is used for this therapy.	4. Non-radioactive elements or substances are used for this kind of therapy.

Q#4: Difference Between Fluorescent Light & Neon Light

Fluorescent Light	Neon Light
1. It produces light by causing a substance called phosphor to emit light.	1. Neon lights are illuminated by neon gas elimination.
2. Its shape is tubular mostly and cannot be bent.	2. It can’t be bent into many shapes.
3. We use fluorescent lights in houses and offices for lighting.	3. We use neon lights for advertising purposes of stores or products.
4. It is mostly white in color.	4. It comes in many colors.

Q#5: Difference Between Ultra-Violet & Infrared Rays

UltraViolet Rays	Infrared Rays
1. Its wavelength is a hundred thousandth of a millimeter.	1. Its wavelength is about a hundredth of a millimeter.
2. These are higher energy, higher frequency rays that are above in visible spectrum	2. These are lower energy, and lower frequency, but higher wavelength, and below the visible spectrum.
3. UV rays tend to affect microscopic molecules and atoms.	3. Infrared rays tend to affect macroscopic objects e.g, heating an object.
4. Its composition in sunlight is about 10%.	4. Its composition in sunlight is about 49%.
5. Its frequency ranges from 30PHz to 750THz.	5. Its frequency ranges from 430 THz to 300 GHz.
6. Its applications are in spectrometry, Vitamin D production on the skin, etc.	6. Its applications are thermal imaging, night vision equipment, etc.

Q#6: Difference Between Caustic Soda & Caustic Potash

Caustic Soda	Caustic Potash
1. Caustic soda is an alkali salt which is also called Lye.	1. Caustic soda is also an alkali which is also called potash.
2. Its formula is NaOH.	2. Its formula is KOH.
3. Its production is relatively low cost because of NaCl.	3. Its production is relatively high cost because of KCl.
4. Its applications are the manufacture of soaps, rayon, paper, and pharmaceuticals.	4. Its applications are the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoo, etc.

Also Read: Download Books for General Science and Ability

Q#7: Difference Between SEM & TEM

SEM	TEM
1. It is an acronym for Scanning Electron Microscope.	1. It is an acronym for Transmission Electron Microscope.
2. Electron beams scan over the surface of the sample.	2. Electron beams pass through a thin sample.
3. Image is shown on a TV monitor in SEM.	3. Image is shown on a fluorescent screen.
4. It can magnify the object up to 200,000 times.	4. It can magnify the object up to 500,000 times.
5. Its resolving power is 2 nm.	5. Its resolving power is 0.2 nm.

Q#8: Difference Between Rotation & Revolution of Earth

Rotation	Revolution
1. Rotation of the earth takes place around its axis.	1. Revolution of the earth takes place around the sun.
2. Due to the rotation of the earth day and night formation occurs.	2. Due to the revolution of the earth, seasons occur.
3. Rotation time is approximately 24 hours or exactly 23 hours and 56 mins.	3. Revolution time is around 365 days or exactly 365.25 days.
4. Its axis around which the earth rotates, is an imaginary line.	4. The revolution of the earth around the sun is an elliptical path.

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Q#9: Difference Between Brass & Bronze

Brass	Bronze
1. It is a mixture of Cu (Copper) and Zn (Zinc).	1. It is a mixture of Cu (Copper) and Sn (Tin).
2. Its color is greyish, greenish bluish.	2. It is brownish in color.
3. It is relatively less expensive.	3. Bronze is 4x more expensive than brass.
4. It is softer and weaker.	4. It is harder and stronger.
5. It is less corrosion and abrasion-resistant.	5. It is more corrosion and abrasion-resistant.

Also Read: Was Partition of India Fair?

Q#10: Difference Between Blood & Lymph

Blood	Lymph
1. It contains plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.	1. It is diluted plasma with a large number of white blood cells.
2. It is red in color.	2. It is milky in color.
3. It is pumped by the heart.	3. It is mobilized by normal movement of the body.
4. Its purification takes place in the kidneys.	4. Its purification takes place in lymph nodes.
5. It flows through the body in a circular motion.	5. It flows in one direction.

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